Women’s higher heatwave death rates linked to social factors, not biology

Analyses of recent heatwaves across Europe, including Germany’s record season, indicate that women account for a larger share of heat-related deaths than men. Scientists acknowledge minor physiological differences, such as lower sweat rates and hormonal effects, but argue these do not fully explain the disparity. The primary drivers are demographic - more elderly women alive - and social, including longer exposure to high temperatures in jobs like construction, garment work, and informal labor.

Women also receive fewer breaks and often wear more clothing, increasing heat stress. Researchers stress that the issue is a social condition shaped by work practices and living environments, not a simple biological vulnerability.