ADHD linked to nearly 50% higher risk of digestive disorders

A new systematic review covering over 1.9 million people identified a strong association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and functional gastrointestinal problems. After screening 9,000+ records, 23 studies were included, revealing that ADHD raises the odds of every gut symptom examined, from irritable bowel syndrome to encopresis, by an average of 48%. The link was especially pronounced for constipation, with almost twice the odds, and for loss of bowel control, with more than four times the odds.

Researchers suggest that stress-related gut sensitivity, irregular eating habits, sensory food aversions, reduced interoceptive awareness, stimulant medication side effects, sleep disturbances, microbiome differences and genetics may all contribute, though the review does not prove ADHD causes these issues. Co-lead author Sarah Blake emphasized that gut symptoms can significantly affect daily life and may be overlooked when attention focuses solely on ADHD. Associate clinical professor Saran Shantikumar recommended clinicians routinely inquire about digestive health in patients with ADHD.