Ancient Egyptian Paints Revealed to Contain Complex Animal and Plant Ingredients
A new analysis of 28 paint samples from 14 Egyptian artworks shows that ancient pigments were mixed with animal glues, collagen and plant proteins such as sesame and moringa.
In a recent scientific investigation, 28 paint specimens taken from 14 Egyptian paintings and sarcophagi spanning roughly 1425 BC to AD 400 were chemically analyzed. The results uncovered a range of organic components previously undocumented in Egyptian pigments, notably animal-derived glues containing collagen from a variety of livestock, with the most common source being cattle but also traces of goat, donkey, horse, sheep and possibly antelope.
The collagen appears to have originated from skin and connective tissue rather than bone. Plant proteins from sesame and moringa were also detected, indicating that artisans likely employed the protein-rich residue left after pressing oil from seeds, known as oil cake. Moringa’s inclusion may reflect both practical and ritual considerations. The study, reported by Science, emphasizes the advanced material expertise of ancient Egyptian painters and provides valuable data for modern restoration practices.
Why it matters
Understanding the true composition of ancient paints helps scholars reconstruct historic techniques and improves conservation of priceless artifacts.
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