Around 20 million Shia gather in Karbala for Arbaeen amid regional conflicts
Approximately 20 million pilgrims converged on Karbala for the Arbaeen commemoration, with many citing the recent killing of Iran’s supreme leader as a motivator.
In Karbala, Iraq, roughly 20 million Shia faithful gathered for the Arbaeen pilgrimage, honoring the 680 CE martyrdom of Imam Hussein. Iran claimed more than three million of its nationals joined, with individuals like Maryam Ghanbari trekking 200 miles from the border. Many pilgrims said the recent killing of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei by Israel and the United States spurred their attendance, framing it as retribution.
The event took place amid heightened U.S.-Iran hostilities, including rocket and drone attacks by Iran-aligned militias on the U.S. embassy in Baghdad and military sites in Iraqi Kurdistan. Pilgrims endured extreme heat, receiving free food and shelter along the route, while some carried images of Khamenei and Iranian flags. The shrine’s interior was lit in red, symbolising vengeance, as chants and prayers echoed throughout the crowds.
Why it matters
The massive turnout shows how regional conflicts are fueling religious mobilization and could influence Shia political dynamics.
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