China Gains Ground in Central Asian Arms Market as Russia's Influence Wanes

Historically tied to Moscow through the CSTO, the former Soviet republics of Central Asia are now turning to Beijing for a growing share of their defence purchases, including Chinese-made J-10 fighter jets and various SAM systems. Russia’s ability to supply parts and new hardware has been hampered by the Ukraine conflict, Western sanctions and demonstrated performance shortcomings, prompting buyers to look elsewhere. Chinese arms are attractive because they cost less, offer flexible payment terms and can be delivered quickly via land routes linked to the Belt and Road Initiative.

Although Chinese weapons lack extensive combat testing, their affordability and logistical advantages are outweighing quality concerns for many regional militaries. The United States contributes modestly through foreign military financing, while Turkey and South Korea also seek footholds, but China remains the fastest-growing supplier. Meanwhile, Central Asian governments are investing in domestic production to avoid dependence on any single external power.