Debate Over Whether US-Built Virginia Submarines Suit Australia’s Defence Needs
US Secretary of Defense praised Virginia-class subs as “apex predators,” but experts argue the boats may not fit Australia’s shallow northern waters and strategic goals.
During a promotional tour at Newport News, US Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth extolled the Virginia-class nuclear attack submarine as the most lethal undersea platform. Australia intends to purchase three used Virginia-class boats beginning in 2032 as part of its Aukus commitment. However, defence analysts argue that the massive, deep-water design is mismatched to the shallow seas of the Indonesian archipelago and South China Sea, where a smaller, quieter diesel-electric AIP submarine would be more effective.
They note that the limited number of submarines—three Virginias plus up to five future Aukus-class units—cannot reliably cover Australia’s vast maritime approaches, citing the “rule of threes” for operational availability. Critics such as Andrew Gaczol and former senator Rex Patrick suggest the procurement serves US power-projection more than Australian defence, and point out that conventional submarines could be bought in larger quantities for a fraction of the projected $368 billion cost. The Australian government maintains the nuclear option is essential for deterrence and protecting trade routes.
Why it matters
The submarine choice will determine Australia’s long-term maritime security and trade protection.
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