Debate Rages Over Steam Launchers Versus Electromagnetic Systems on Future Carriers

In a recent national security memo, President Donald Trump instructed Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth to ensure that future fleet carriers retain conventional steam catapult systems, arguing they are less vulnerable to cyber and electromagnetic threats. The Navy, however, points to testing that shows EMALS can launch aircraft more quickly and handle a mix of manned fighters and unmanned drones, a capability steam cannot match without damage.

The service also notes that EMALS could cut shipboard personnel by up to 500 and eliminate hazardous boiler maintenance. Changing the design of vessels already under construction, such as the USS Doris Miller, would require costly structural alterations and could stall shipyard schedules. While acknowledging the need for resilience, experts propose using wide-bandgap semiconductors and distributed power storage to protect electronic launch systems, plus low-profile pneumatic backups for emergencies. The discussion highlights the tension between proven mechanical reliability and the push for digital innovation in naval warfare.