Epstein-Barr Virus Linked to Mono, Cancer and Multiple Sclerosis, Researchers Say

Rae Mainwaring’s teenage bout with infectious mononucleosis and her subsequent multiple sclerosis diagnosis exemplify the dual impact of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV, a herpesvirus that infects most adults, remains dormant in B cells and can reactivate, sometimes leading to cancers, lupus, Sjögren’s syndrome and possibly long-COVID symptoms. Researchers such as William Robinson and Alberto Ascherio have uncovered mechanisms like molecular mimicry and the activation of autoreactive B cells that may drive MS. A study of U.S. military personnel found EBV antibodies in virtually all MS cases, suggesting prevention could avert the disease.

Current efforts include testing the antiviral tenofovir alafenamide fumarate and developing both prophylactic and therapeutic EBV vaccines, with trials slated to finish by 2029. The story underscores the urgent need for effective EBV interventions.