Experts warn prolonged PM2.5 exposure threatens children, elderly and outdoor workers
Health specialists say long-term inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can cause premature deaths, especially among children, seniors and people with chronic illnesses.
Prof. Jamal Hisham Hashim explained that fine particles smaller than 2.5 microns can penetrate the alveolar region of the lungs, contributing to roughly 2.08% of global deaths between 2000 and 2019, with China accounting for the highest share. The Lancet Planetary Health analysis estimated about one million premature deaths annually from brief, high-level PM2.5 exposure. Dr. Abu Hasan Samad warned that outdoor workers face amplified risks during haze, as increased breathing depth strains the cardiovascular system, particularly for older employees and those with pre-existing conditions.
He recommended that employers cut strenuous outdoor work, provide frequent breaks, supply respirators and keep workers hydrated. Vulnerable staff should be reassigned indoors, and ministries may need to issue guidance on remote work and financial aid for affected informal and gig workers.
Why it matters
PM2.5 pollution poses a measurable health threat to high-risk groups and could strain public health and labor policies.
In this story
