Genetics and epigenetics may heighten women's risk of endometriosis

Physicians emphasize that intense or persistent menstrual pain should not be considered normal, as it may be a sign of endometriosis, a chronic disorder that can impair fertility. Emerging evidence suggests that both genetic makeup and epigenetic changes play a role in determining a woman's vulnerability to the disease. In India, women often wait several years for a diagnosis due to limited early-detection tools, resulting in worsening pain and reduced quality of life.

Experts highlight that family history can raise risk, but genes are only one factor among hormonal, immune and environmental influences. They advise that women experiencing severe, recurring, or worsening pain—especially when over-the-counter painkillers fail—seek professional assessment to shorten the diagnostic journey and protect reproductive health.