Japan and Vietnam deepen strategic ties under shared maritime and economic vision

In a May address in Hanoi, Prime Minister Takaichi Sanae reaffirmed Japan’s dedication to the Free and Open Indo-Pacific framework and announced plans to boost political, economic and defence links with ASEAN, focusing on Vietnam. The article traces the dramatic shift from Japan’s Cold-War isolation of Vietnam to today’s $29.3 billion aid programme and strategic partnership, elevated to a Comprehensive Strategic Partner in 2023.

Defence cooperation has grown from port calls and joint rescue drills to the transfer of vessels, ship-building technology and, after a 2026 policy change, the possibility of selling fighter jets and missiles. Both governments now emphasise maritime security in joint statements, reflecting common concerns over China’s claims in the South and East China Seas. Japan’s aid also supports Vietnam’s economic resilience, reducing reliance on Chinese investment and fostering cooperation in energy, critical minerals and AI. The analysis suggests further collaboration could extend to land-based infrastructure and joint development of missiles, drones and radars, deepening the partnership beyond the maritime domain.