Latin America’s New Right Shifts From Market Liberalism to Cultural Reaction

Across the continent, leaders like Bukele in El Salvador, Milei in Argentina, Kast in Chile and De la Espriella in Colombia are forging a new brand of right-wing politics that blends populist strong-man tactics with cultural retrogression. Academics label this trend “reactionary Americas,” emphasizing its focus on overturning the civil and social openings achieved by previous democratic transitions rather than merely pursuing fiscal conservatism.

Symbolic actions—such as the return of Francisco Pizarro’s statue in Lima and the rebranding of Columbus Day—demonstrate a deliberate use of history to rally support. The movement thrives on public frustration over insecurity, corruption and failing public services after a period of progressive rule in the region’s largest economies. Although these leaders share anti-progressive sentiment and often draw inspiration from global right-wing narratives, their policy priorities vary by country, ranging from hard-line crime measures to economic nationalism. Nonetheless, the right’s electoral gains have not yet translated into cohesive governance, and progressive forces and civil-society groups continue to contest its agenda.