New urine RNA test detects 95% of bladder cancers and guides therapy

Stanford scientists introduced uRARE-seq, a urine test that captures messenger RNA released by bladder tumors, offering a more precise diagnostic tool than current endoscopic or cytology methods. An analysis of almost 700 urine specimens showed a 95% detection rate for cancer and a 90% accuracy for identifying non-cancerous cases. Beyond diagnosis, the assay identified lingering disease post-surgery and distinguished patients likely to benefit from BCG immunotherapy by spotting T-cell and immune-signaling RNA patterns.

Experts suggest the approach could enable earlier detection of non-muscle-invasive cancers and inform decisions between immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Further large-scale trials are needed before routine clinical adoption. The researchers also note potential applicability to other genitourinary cancers such as kidney and prostate.