Study identifies complex drivers of harmful algal blooms threatening Oman's coast and desalination
Researchers at Sultan Qaboos University revealed that multiple oceanographic and environmental factors fuel harmful algal blooms along Oman’s northern shoreline, endangering desalination, fisheries and tourism.
A Sultan Qaboos University-led study, financed by the Strategic Research Programme of the Research and Innovation Authority and the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources, investigated the ecology and movement of harmful algal blooms (HABs) along Oman’s northern coast. Combining sea-glider observations with water sampling, scientists identified a suite of drivers—including monsoon-induced winds, coastal currents, upwelling, outflow from the Arabian Gulf, internal tides, eddies and seasonal thermocline variations—that influence nutrient availability and phytoplankton growth.
The dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans emerged as the principal bloom-forming species, while diatoms prevailed in 2018-2019, and distinct bacterial assemblages were linked to bloom phases. The research highlighted the role of low-oxygen zones and nutrient-rich upwelled waters in bloom formation. Based on these findings, the team urged enhanced real-time monitoring of chlorophyll-a, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and harmful species at desalination intakes, as well as flexible contingency plans for severe events. Recommendations also covered site selection and emergency protocols for fisheries and aquaculture, emphasizing stronger collaboration among academia, government and industry.
Why it matters
Understanding what triggers algal blooms helps protect Oman’s water supply, seafood industry and coastal economy.
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