Ukrainian refugees lift Poland's GDP by 2.4% in 2025, study shows

According to a new analysis by the UN refugee agency and Deloitte, Ukrainian refugees contributed 2.4% to Poland's gross domestic product in 2025, amounting to roughly 94 billion zloty (€21.5 bn). Almost one million refugees were present in the country, and their employment rate climbed from 61% in 2023 to 76% in 2025, slightly above the rate for Polish citizens. While a larger share of refugees work under non-standard contracts and earn about 85% of the median Polish wage, the influx did not depress wages or employment opportunities for native workers, and tax and social-security contributions lifted general government revenues by 2.6%.

Deloitte notes that many refugees have shifted to other residency categories, so the economic impact may be understated, and projects the contribution could reach 2.8% by 2035. The report also finds that per-capita health-care costs for refugees are lower than for Polish residents, and that Ukrainian medical staff have helped ease staffing shortages in hospitals.