US researchers model nuclear blasts to deflect or destroy hazardous asteroids
Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory used 3-D simulations to assess how a near-surface nuclear explosion could alter or fragment a threatening asteroid.
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have developed three-dimensional simulations to evaluate the feasibility of using a nuclear blast to deflect or break apart an asteroid on a collision course with Earth. Using the Spheral software, they examined how X-ray heating from a near-surface detonation would vaporize surface material and generate thrust. Over 1,500 one-dimensional runs were cross-checked with the Ares code, confirming the reliability of the new model for complex 3-D fracture analysis.
The team simulated three scenarios on an irregular asteroid about 160 metres across, adjusting both the distance of the explosion and the assumed material strength. In the most severe test, roughly 98% of the asteroid’s mass was compromised and 97% of the debris was propelled faster than the asteroid’s escape speed, indicating effective fragmentation. Lead author Isaiah Santistevan highlighted that the rapid motion of the debris suggests it could escape Earth’s gravity, a promising sign for planetary-defense strategies.
Why it matters
Understanding nuclear deflection methods helps prepare defenses against potential asteroid impacts.
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